Published on: 2025-03-18

Intelligence Report: Subsea Fibre Cables Can ‘Listen Out’ for Sabotage – BBC News

1. BLUF (Bottom Line Up Front)

Recent advancements in subsea fibre optic cable technology have enabled the detection of potential sabotage activities. These cables, equipped with acoustic sensing capabilities, can identify disturbances such as underwater drones, hostile vessels, or anchors dragging along the seabed. This development is crucial in light of multiple reports of damage to telecommunications cables in the Baltic Sea, prompting NATO and EU efforts to enhance monitoring and protection measures.

2. Detailed Analysis

The following structured analytic techniques have been applied for this analysis:

General Analysis

The subsea fibre optic cables are capable of detecting acoustic energy disturbances, which are then analyzed to identify potential threats. Tests have shown that these cables can detect the presence of vehicles and even footsteps or gunshots when buried underground. The technology is being tested and deployed in strategic locations such as the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The ability to correlate detected disturbances with satellite imagery and AIS records enhances situational awareness and provides early warning capabilities.

3. Implications and Strategic Risks

The deployment of acoustic sensing technology in subsea cables presents both opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, it offers enhanced security for critical infrastructure, such as telecommunications and gas pipelines, by providing early warnings of potential sabotage. On the other hand, the technology’s limitations, such as the need for signal listening devices at regular intervals, may pose challenges in large-scale deployments. The increased demand for such technology highlights the growing concern over the security of underwater infrastructure.

4. Recommendations and Outlook

Recommendations:

• Enhance collaboration between government agencies and private sector companies to expand the deployment of acoustic sensing technology in critical areas.
• Invest in research and development to improve the range and accuracy of detection capabilities.
• Implement regulatory frameworks to ensure the protection and monitoring of subsea infrastructure.

Outlook:

In the best-case scenario, widespread adoption of this technology will lead to significant improvements in the security of subsea infrastructure, reducing the risk of sabotage. In the worst-case scenario, technical limitations and insufficient coverage may leave critical areas vulnerable. The most likely outcome is a gradual increase in deployment, driven by rising demand and technological advancements, leading to enhanced protection over time.

5. Key Individuals and Entities

The report mentions significant individuals such as Daniel Gerwig, Clemens Pohl, Paul Heiden, and Douglas Clague. Notable companies involved include AP Sensing, Hexatronic, and Viavi Solutions. These entities are at the forefront of developing and deploying fibre optic acoustic sensing systems.